Research, Publications, and Presentations

Commentary
	2023 World Baseball Classic by Marissa Kiss, PhD & James Witte, PhD April 2023 This commentary piece highlights that while the World Baseball Classic (WBC) is billed as a competition that pits the best players from 20 nations against one another, U.S. born players dominated several national team rosters and were found on the rosters of 15 of the other national teams. In this piece, the authors discuss the role of immigration policy and the rules that govern pathways to citizenship in each country and MLB’s financial interests and investments in growing the game as two reasons why there is a large presence of U.S. born players in the 2023 WBC.
	MLB Hall of Fame Inductees: 1936-2022 by Marissa Kiss, PhD January 2023 This commentary provides an overview of the demographic make up of MLB Hall of Fame inductees. Since 1936, 92.6% of players inducted into the MLB Hall of Fame were born in the United States, 1.5% were born in a U.S. Territory, and 5.9% were born abroad. Regardless of birthplace, nearly one-quarter (23%) of inductees were minority players, managers, pioneers, executives, or umpires. The MLB we see today would not be shaped without the immigrant and non-immigrant and minority individuals and activists who laid the foundation and who envisioned a more inclusive and diverse sport.
	2022 MLB Post Season by Marissa Kiss, PhD & James Witte, PhD October 2022 This commentary examines the impact of foreign-born players during the 2022 MLB post season. At the start of the 2022 MLB Season, 28% of MLB players were born in countries and territories outside the contiguous United States. During the post season and in the World Series, nearly one-third of players were born abroad. Foreign-born players played a key role in teams’ success not only during the regular season, but in the post season as well.
	Immigration, Athletes, War, and Exclusion by Michele Waslin, PhD April 2022 This commentary examines recent efforts to ban Russian and Belarussian athletes from competing in international events and asks whether the US should ban these athletes from playing on American professional teams. It concludes that any attempt to prohibit current athletes from playing on American teams or to deport them from the United States would be very difficult and contrary to U.S. values.
	3 Ways Major League Baseball's New 2022-2026 Collective Bargaining Agreement Impacts International Players by Marissa Kiss, PhD April 2022 More than one-quarter of MLB players and nearly half of all minor league players are foreign born. This commentary examines how the new CBA will have a significant impact on immigrant players' salaries and working conditions.
Presentations
	Immigrants, Athletes, and Inclusion In June 2022, the IIR sponsored a webinar in which experts discussed the benefits of inclusiveness in sports, and how immigrant athletes can promote greater understanding and acceptance of immigrants in the United States. Speakers: Marissa Kiss, Institute for Immigration Research Earl Smith, Professor of Women and Gender Studies, University of Delaware Michele Waslin, Institute for Immigration Research James Witte, Institute for Immigration Research
	Immigrants, Athletes, and Inclusion In October 2021, Dr. James Witte, Dr. Marissa Kiss, and Dr. Michele Waslin presented the IIR's work on immigrants, sports, and inclusion at the online Public Sociology Conference. You can access the link here and watch the presentation.
Research, Publications, and Reports
	The Streak(s) Continue: Immigrant Players Bring Baseball Victories With its 4-3 victory the American League continues its recent dominance of the All Star Game, but despite the greater number of foreign born players on the National League roster, it was actually the American League team that played the greatest number of immigrant All-Stars, nine to the National League’s eight.
	Predicting the Outcome of the 2019 MLB All-Star Game: Immigrant Ball Players Are a Key Factor With this year’s game coming July 9, die-hard fans, inquiring minds and hopeful gamblers want to know who will win: the National League or the American League? Our answer? The team that plays the greatest percentage of foreign-born players.
	Baseball: The (Inter) National Pastime This report looks at foreign-born players in Major League Baseball and highlights two examples—the 2017 All Star Game and the Division leading, Washington Nationals—to illustrate how changes in professional sports mirror and foreshadow the broader impact of demographic change and increasing globalization.
	Hot in Cleveland: What Kept Cleveland's Winning Streak Cooking? U.S. Born Pitchers and Foreign-Born Hitters Overall, 90 percent of Cleveland Indians' pitchers are born in the United States, and 90 percent are white. However, this number changes when you look at the starting pitchers; two-thirds of the starting pitchers for the Cleveland Indians are born in the United States and one-third are foreign-born.